What are lung diseases

What are lung diseases | The lungs are the most important organ in the human respiratory system, and in pathological cases of the lungs, the person becomes narrow due to his inability to breathe comfortably

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What are lung diseases?

To know what are lung diseases and what are their symptoms? How is lung cancer diagnosed ? What are its symptoms? How is lung disease treated? What is pneumonia? And the diseases caused by smoking to the respiratory system?

What are the different lung diseases?

It is any problem in the lungs that prevents the lungs from working properly, and there are three main types of lung diseases:

airway diseases:

These diseases affect the tubes (air passages) that carry oxygen and other gases in and out of the lungs.
It also causes narrowing or obstruction of the airways and includes bronchial diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchitis.

Lung tissue diseases:

These diseases affect the structure of lung tissue.
It also leads to tissue scarring or inflammation, making the lungs unable to expand fully.
This also makes it difficult for the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
“People with this type of lung disorder often say that they feel as if they are wearing a jacket that is too tight.”
As a result, they cannot breathe deeply. Pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis are examples of lung tissue diseases.

Pulmonary circulatory diseases:

These diseases affect the blood vessels in the lungs.
It also usually occurs due to clotting, scarring, or inflammation of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.
These diseases may also affect heart function.
An example of pulmonary circulatory disease is pulmonary hypertension.
Often, people with these conditions feel severe shortness of breath when they exert themselves.

What are the most common lung diseases?

The most common lung diseases include:

vision crisis.
Collapse of part or all of the lung.
Swelling and inflammation in the main passages of the bronchial tubes that carry air to the lungs.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Lung Cancer.
Lung infection Pneumonia.
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Pulmonary edema.
Pulmonary artery obstruction.

Symptoms of lung disease:

After we know what lung diseases are, let us know the symptoms that appear on people with one of the lung diseases, according to the type of disease, including the following:

Breathing difficulty.
hard breathing.
Poor ability to exercise.
persistent cough
Feeling of pain or discomfort while breathing.
Feeling of not taking in enough air.

How is lung cancer diagnosed?

Lung cancer can be defined as the abnormal growth and accumulation of cells inside the lungs, forming what is known as a tumor. Smoking is the most common cause of lung cancer, and lung cancer is diagnosed in the late stages of the disease. Because its symptoms do not appear until the disease progresses, and as the diagnosis is made Through multiple options, including the following:

Pathology and Clinical Examination:

The doctor suspects that the patient has lung cancer if he discovers that there are certain symptoms and signs during the clinical examination, the most prominent of which are the following:

Swollen and enlarged lymph nodes in the supraclavicular area.
weak breathing;
Hearing strange sounds from the lungs.
Feeling of heaviness when clicking on the chest.
The pupils of the eye are not equal in their extent.
ptosis;
Weakness and fatigue in one arm.
Stretching the veins of the arms, chest or neck.
Swelling or puffiness of the face.

Diagnostic pictures:

The doctor asks for diagnostic images to help him detect the presence of lung cancer. Diagnosis is also used to determine the extent of its spread to determine the effectiveness of the treatment, and whether the cancer has returned after treatment. These tests also aim to create images of what is inside the body, such as:

Computed tomography.
X ray.
Tomography positron emission tomography.
Use of magnetic resonance imaging.

Tests that confirm the presence of cancer

These tests aim to confirm or deny the presence of suspected cancer after previous diagnostic images. These tests also include the following:

Biopsy: A procedure in which a small sample of lung tissue or lymph nodes is taken.
Other samples: Sometimes it may be difficult to obtain a biopsy, so other samples are taken, such as a sample of pulmonary fluid.
There are also samples that help in the diagnosis, such as a mucus or sputum sample, where the sputum sample is characterized by containing a sample of cells lining the airways.
Which are likely to be cancerous cells.

Symptoms of the early stage of lung cancer

The following are the symptoms of early stage lung cancer (What are lung diseases):

Chronic cough is one of the early symptoms of lung cancer, as if an individual suffers from chronic bronchitis, the cough will get worse.
The cancerous tumor can also grow towards the blood vessels and cause blood to come out with phlegm.
Cancerous tumor in the lung can grow towards the bronchi and cause their narrowing.
Which leads to the issuance of a high-pitched whistling or what is known as stridor during inhalation or exhalation when the individual breathes.
The tumor can also grow against the chest wall, which leads to a feeling of pain in the chest.
Lung cancer can cause hoarseness.
A lung cancer patient can also notice a group of symptoms such as coughing, fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath resulting from pneumonia.
Lung cancer can be associated with recurrent episodes of bronchitis or pneumonia.

Symptoms of advanced stage lung cancer (What are lung diseases):

In the advanced stages of the disease, lung cancer affects other parts of the body besides the respiratory system.
As cancer cells may spread or metastasize to distant tissues and organs such as: the brain, liver, or bones.
Cancer cells may also enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and metastatic or metastatic lung cancer may not cause any symptoms in some cases.

Symptoms of metastatic lung cancer depend on several factors, the most important of which are:

The part of the cancer.
Tumor size.
Signed.

The symptoms of lung cancer in the advanced stages, based on the parts to which the cancer has spread, also include the following:

Irregular heartbeat, blockage of blood flow to the heart, or fluid buildup in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.

Difficulty swallowing or pain during swallowing.

Headaches or epileptic seizures, as in the event that the tumor is large, it causes numbness or weakness in the arms and legs.

The spread of lung cancer to the liver may also lead to the emergence of a group of symptoms, including nausea, and extreme fatigue.
It may lead to suffering from bone pain, sometimes in the bones of the vertebrae, ribs, or fractures.
It also leads to a decrease in the level of attention and alertness as a result of high calcium levels.

Lung disease treatment(What are lung diseases):

Pharmacological treatment is considered insufficient and does not produce the desired results. However, supportive treatment and intensive follow-up play a role in the treatment of the patient.
The pharmacological treatment given is mainly an anti-inflammatory (steroid) and an immunosuppressive.
Patients who are in advanced stages of the disease and suffer from pervasive symptoms (shortness of breath, cough) and patients with low lung performance are treated.
As part of the patients respond to treatment only, and often these drugs have side effects.
Treatment is started with high doses of steroids, but if there is no improvement in the patient’s condition, cyclophosphamide is added.
In difficult cases, drugs that suppress the immune system can be used, and the patient is often asked to stop smoking.
A healthy and balanced diet must be followed and rehabilitation programs must be joined in order to get accustomed to bearing the daily efforts.

What is pneumonia (What are lung diseases)?

It is an inflammation of the lung tissue as a result of infection when exposed to airborne irritants within the surrounding environment. Symptoms and signs of pneumonia also include:

shortness of breath.
cough.
fatigue.
Anorexia.
Unintended weight loss.

What are the lung diseases caused by smoking to the respiratory system:

The diseases caused by smoking to the respiratory system include :

It causes damage to the respiratory system and airways, which increases the chance of catching a cold and flu.
Exposure to coughing and increased secretion of mucus in the nose and pharynx, and this leads to a blockage in the respiratory gas passages.
It also makes the smoker has difficulty breathing.
The smoker may be exposed to lung cancer.

At the end of the article What are lung diseases:

In an article, we learned about lung diseases, the most important diseases that can affect the lungs, and the most important symptoms, in addition to the methods of treatment and correct medical treatment with each of them. If you have more questions, you can write them in the comments.